Using textiles to understand gender and economy in Norse societies
 
“Concisely and cohesively covers over a millennium of history and archaeology regarding textiles and the practice of weaving in the North Atlantic. . . . One does not need to be a textile expert to use and enjoy this highly informative work. . . . An excellent resource.”—Anthropology Book Forum  
 
“Several key insights are spun. . . . The reader is obliged to reconsider past interpretations of North Atlantic evidence in this new light.”—Antiquity  
 
“[An] ambitious and welcome study. . . . The Valkyries’ Loom makes important contributions to our understanding of the medieval and early modern North Atlantic as well as to the ways textile studies can enrich our knowledge of the pre-modern world.”—Medieval Review
 
“An impressive presentation of Viking Age and medieval textile production in the North Atlantic, especially in Iceland and Greenland. All aspects have been examined: methods of spinning, weaving, dates, yarn, contemporary climate, as well as who did the work and for what purpose.”—Birgitta Linderoth Wallace, author of Westward Vikings: The Saga of L’Anse Aux Meadows  
 
“Hayeur Smith’s careful research undergirding The Valkyries’ Loom demonstrates how well she knows and understands the cultural and gender significance of textile analysis. Fascinating to read.”—Joanne B. Eicher, editor of Encyclopedia of World Dress and Fashion  
 
In The Valkyries’ Loom, Michèle Hayeur Smith examines Viking textiles as evidence of the little-known work of women in the Norse colonies that expanded from Scandinavia across the North Atlantic in the ninth century AD. While previous researchers have overlooked textiles as insignificant artifacts, Hayeur Smith is the first to use them to understand gender and economy in Norse societies of the North Atlantic.  
 
This groundbreaking study is based on the author’s systematic comparative analysis of the vast textile collections in Iceland, Greenland, Denmark, Scotland, and the Faroe Islands, materials that are largely unknown even to archaeologists and span 1,000 years. Through these garments and fragments, Hayeur Smith provides new insights into how the women of these island nations influenced international trade by producing cloth (vaðmál); how they shaped the development of national identities by creating clothing; and how they helped their communities survive climate change by reengineering clothes during the Little Ice Age. She supplements her analysis by revealing societal attitudes about weaving through the poem “Darraðarljoð” from Njál’s Saga, in which the Valkyries—Óðin’s female warrior spirits—produce the cloth of history and decide the fates of men and nations.  
 
Bringing Norse women and their labor to the forefront of research, Hayeur Smith establishes the foundation for a gendered archaeology of the North Atlantic that has never been attempted before. This monumental and innovative work contributes to global discussions about the hidden roles of women in past societies in preserving tradition and guiding change.  
 
Michèle Hayeur Smith is and archaeologist and research associate at the Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology at Brown University.

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