“A thorough compendium of knowledge on not only the history and (bio)archaeology of leprosy, but also its epidemiology and evolution. . . . It is must-read material for every bioarchaeologist and medical anthropologist, or anyone with an interest in the history of disease and medicine.”—Current Archaeology
 
“Highly original, informative, and comprehensive. Roberts describes what we know about the natural history, genetics, biological, and medical aspects of infection with M. leprae; provides a detailed global history of leprosy in human populations through a synthesis of the historical and bioarchaeological literature; and encourages us to consider the biocultural and social implications of this often stigmatized disease. An essential reference.”—Gwen Robbins Schug, author of Bioarchaeology and Climate Change: A View from South Asian Prehistory  
 
“A comprehensive treatise on the history, epidemiology, social stigmatization, and bioarchaeology of leprosy. It belongs on the bookshelf of anyone interested in the study of Old World diseases and paleopathology.”—Dale L. Hutchinson, author of Disease and Discrimination: Poverty and Pestilence in Colonial Atlantic America  
 
Through an unprecedented multidisciplinary and global approach, this book documents the dramatic several-thousand-year history of leprosy using bioarchaeological, clinical, and historical information from a wide variety of contexts, dispelling many long-standing myths about the disease.  
 
Drawing on her 30 years of research on the infection, Charlotte Roberts begins by outlining its bacterial causes, how it spreads, and how it affects the body. She then considers its diagnosis and treatment, both historically and in the present. She also looks at the methods and tools used by paleopathologists to identify signs of leprosy in skeletons. Examining evidence in human remains from many countries, particularly in Europe and including Britain, Hungary, and Sweden, Roberts demonstrates that those affected were usually buried in the same cemeteries as others in their communities, contrary to the popular belief that they were all ostracized or isolated from society into leprosy hospitals. Other myths addressed by Roberts include the assumptions that leprosy can’t be cured, that leprosy is no longer a problem today, and that what is called “leprosy” in the Bible is the same illness as the disease with that name now.   
 
Roberts concludes by projecting the future of leprosy, arguing that researchers need to study the disease through an ethically grounded evolutionary perspective. Importantly, she advises against use of the word “leper” to avoid perpetuating stigma today surrounding people with the infection and resulting disabilities. Leprosy will stand as the authoritative source on the subject for years to come.     
 
Charlotte A. Roberts is professor of archaeology at Durham University and a trained nurse. She is the author of Human Remains in Archaeology: A Handbook, and coauthor of The Bioarchaeology of Tuberculosis: A Global View on a Reemerging Disease and The Archaeology of Disease, among many other books.  
 
A volume in the series Bioarchaeological Interpretations of the Human Past: Local, Regional, and Global Perspectives, edited by Clark Spencer Larsen

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