A landmark study of Spain’s fortified settlements in West Florida from a lifelong specialist on the period
 
Southern Anthropological Society James Mooney Award
 
“Using extensive archaeological, historic, and archival data, Bense summarizes and integrates the data collected into a synthesis of how and where Spain first occupied and used the Pensacola area. Relevant for anyone interested in the long-term process of colonization and ethnogenesis. A superb example of how the public can be integrated into a long-term archaeological project, to the benefit of all.”—Lynne Goldstein, professor emerita, Michigan State University  
 
Presidios of Spanish West Florida provides the first comprehensive synthesis of historical and archaeological investigations conducted at the fortified settlements built by Spain in the Florida panhandle from 1698 to 1763. Combining intensive research by author Judith Bense, a lifelong specialist on the Spanish West Florida period, with a century’s worth of additional data, this landmark study brings to light four presidio locations that have long been overshadowed by the presidio at St. Augustine to the east, revealing the rest of the story of early Spanish Florida.            
 
Bense details a history fraught with catastrophe—hurricanes, war against France and England, and treaties that forced the Spanish base in West Florida to be uprooted and rebuilt four times. Examining each presidio, including associated military outposts, a shipwreck, and refugee mission villages of the Apalachee and Yamasee Indians, this book provides four discrete, sequential windows into the Spanish presence in the region. Bense compares the population to that of Presidio San Agustln, established 133 years earlier, revealing very different communities, people, and local customs. Interwoven with these historical findings is an account of how the general public has participated in investigations in the region, providing readers with an understanding of eighteenth-century West Florida and the development of public archaeology in the state from the person who initiated and directed much of the research.  
 
Judith A. Bense, president emerita and professor of anthropology at the University of West Florida, is the editor of Archaeology of Colonial Pensacola and Presidio Santa María de Galve: A Struggle for Survival in Colonial Spanish Pensacola. Bense is the founder of the Florida Public Archaeology Network (FPAN).  
 
A volume in the Florida Museum of Natural History: Ripley P. Bullen Series
 
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